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› 1 A Glossary of Literary terms
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Engels
1 A Glossary of Literary terms
Jaar 5 (vwo)
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Allegory=A symbolic narrative in which the surface details imply a secondary meaning. Allegory often takes the form of a story in which the characters represent moral qualities. Alliteration=The repetition of consonant sounds, especially at the beginning of words. Anapest=Two unaccented syllables followed by an accented one. Assonance=The repetition of similar vowel sounds in a sentence or a line of poetry or prose. Blank Verse=A line of poetry or prose in unrhymed iambic pentameter (unaccented followed by accented syllable: × / × / ). Caesura=A strong pause within a line of verse. Closed Form=A type of form or structure in poetry characterized by regularity and consistency in such elements as rhyme, line length, and metrical pattern. Connotation=The associations called up by a word that goes beyond its dictionary meaning. Couplet=A pair of rhymed lines that may or may not constitute a separate stanza in a poem. Shakespeare’s sonnets end in rhymed couplets. Dactyl=A stressed syllable followed by two unstressed ones. Denotation=The dictionary meaning of a word. Writers typically play off a word’s denotative meaning against its connotations, or suggested and implied associational implications. Elision=The omission (exclusion) of an unstressed vowel or syllable to preserve the meter of a line of poetry. Enjambment=A run-on line of poetry in which logical and grammatical sense carries over from one line into the next. An enjambed line differs from an end-stopped line in which the grammatical and logical sense is completed within the line. Falling meter=Poetic meters such as trochaic and dactylic that move or fall from a stressed to an unstressed syllable. Figurative language=A form of language use in which writers and speakers convey something other than the literal meaning of their words. Foot=A metrical unit composed of stressed and unstressed syllables. Hyperbole=A figure of speech involving exaggeration. Iamb=An unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one. Image=A concrete representation of a sense impression, a feeling or an idea. Imagery refers to the pattern of related details in a work. Imagery=The pattern of related comparative aspects of language, particularly of images. Lyric poem=A type of poem characterized by brevity (shortness) compression, and the expression of feeling. Metaphor=A comparison between essentially unlike things without an explicitly comparative word such as like or as. Meter=The measured pattern of rhythmic accents in poems. Metonymy=A figure of speech in which a closely related term is substituted for an object or idea/ a part of a thing stands for the whole. Octave=An eight-line unit, which may constitute (form) a stanza; or a section of a poem, as in octave of a sonnet. Onomatopoeia=The use of words to imitate the sounds they describe. Personification=The endowment of inanimate objects or abstract concepts with animate or living qualities. Pyrrhic=A metrical foot with two unstressed syllables. Quatrain=A four-line stanza in a poem, the first four lines and the second four lines in a Petrachan/Italian sonnet. A Shakespearean sonnet contains three quatrains followed by a couplet. Rhyme=The matching of final vowel or consonant sounds in two or more words. Rhythm=The recurrence (repetition) of accent or stress in lines of verse. Sestet=A six-line unit of verse constituting a stanza or section of a poem; the last six lines of an Petrarchan/Italian sonnet. Simile=A figure of speech involving a comparison between unlike things using like, as or as though. (in short: a metaphor with ‘like’) Sonnet=A fourteen-line poem in iambic pentameter. The Shakespearean or English sonnet is arranged as three quatrains and a final couplet, rhyming abab cdcd efef gg. The Petrarchan or Italian sonnet divides into two parts: an eight-line octave and a six-line sestet, rhyming abba abba cde cde or abba abba cd cd cd Spondee=A metricalfoot represented by two stressed syllables. Stanza=A division or unit of a poem that is repeated in the same form—either with similar or identical patterns or rhyme and meter, or with variations from one stanza to another. Style=The way an author chooses words, arranges them in sentences or in lines of dialogue or verse, and develops ideas and actions with description, imagery, and other literary techniques. Tercet=A three-line stanza. The three-line stanzas or sections that together constitute the sestet of a Petrarchan/Italian sonnet. Theme=The idea of a literary work abstracted from its details of language, character and action, and cast in the form of a generalization. Tone=The implied attitude of a writer toward the subject and characters of work. Trochee=An accented syllable followed by an unaccented one. Understatement=A figure of speech in which a writer or speaker says less than what he or she means; the opposite of exaggeration. Symbol=An object or action in a literary work that means more than itself, that stands for something beyond itself. Synecdoche=A figure of speech in which a part is substituted for the whole. Syntax=The grammatical order of words in a sentence or line of verse or dialogue. The organization of words and phrases and clauses in sentences of prose, verse and dialogue.
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