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cognition
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cognition
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The process of placing new information into long-term memory.=Acquisition The state in which a memory, once acquired, remains until it is retrieved. Stable, but older memories can be integrated with/replaced by newer knowledge.=Storage The process of locating information in memory and activating that information for use.=Retrieval An outdated "architecture" of memory in which working memory serves as storage for material now worked on, and as the "loading platform" for long-term memory.=Modal Model The storage system in which we hold all of our knowledge and all of our memories.=Long-Term Memory The storage system in which easily accessible information is stored that was recently "in focus".=Short-Term Memory Assessing memory by asking participants to come up with as many items as possible from a particular source in any sequence.=Free Recall An advantage in remembering early-presented materials within a sequence of materials, explained by assuming more rehearsals for early than late items=Primacy Effect The tendency to remember materials that occur late in a series, explained by assuming that the late items are still in working- or short-term memory=Recency Effect A data pattern summarizing the relationship between some performance measure and the order in which the test materials were presented=Serial Position Mental activity that has the effect of maintaining information in working memory.=Memory Rehearsal A task often used for measuring working memory's storage capacity: first reading a number of items ("6, 8, 2") and then repeat them back.=Digit-Span Task The hypothetical storage unit in working memory; each unit can contain an unspecified quantity of information=Chunk A measure of working memory's capacity, in which information need to be stored and recalled while performing an other distracting task in between=Operation Span A rote, mechanical process in which items are continually cycled through working memory, merely by being repeated over and over.=Maintenance Rehearsal Engaging materials to be remembered by paying attention to what the materials mean, or to other things one already knows.=Elaborative Rehearsal The acquisition of memories in a setting in which people know that their memory for the information will be tested later=Intentional Learning Learning that takes place in the absence of any intention to learn and, correspondingly, in the absence of any expectation of a subsequent memory test.=Incidental Learning A mode of thinking about material in which one pays attention only to appearances and other superficial aspects of the material; leads to poor memory retention=Shallow Processing A mode of thinking in which a person pays attention to the meaning/implications of the material; deep processing typically leads to excellent memory retention=Deep Processing An assessment of how "deeply" newly learned materials are engaged.=Level of Processing A connection (or series of connections) that can lead to a sought-after memory in long-term storage.=Retrieval Path A technique designed to improve memory accuracy and to make learning easier; helps memory by imposing an organization on the materials to be learned.=Mnemonic Strategy A type of mnemonic strategy using words or locations as anchors with associated the materials that are to be remembered.=Peg-Word Systems
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