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Diversen geschiedenis

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Jaar 2 (tto-vwo)

Prehistory = Time of hunters and gatherers CH1
Agricultural Revolution / Neolithic Revolution = the change from hunters and gatherers to farmers, from moving around to settling in one place.
Animism = belief in which people believe in a world full of spirits and forces that might reside in animals, objects and dreams.
Nomads = people moved around in small groups, followed game for hunting
New prehistory = Neolithic
Old prehistory = Paleolithic
Polytheistic = religion with more than one god (usually many gods)
Prehistory = period before invention of writing.

Classical Age = Time of Greeks and Romans (and Egyptians) CH 5 + 6
Aristocracy = rule by the landholding elite
civilization = a complex, highly organised social order
City state / polis = political unit that included a city and its surrounding lands and villages.
Democracy = “the people rule”
Imperialism = establishing control over foreign lands and people, creating an imperium
Monarchy = rule by king
Monotheism = religion that believes in one true god
Oligarchy = rule by a small privileged group
Early Middle Ages = Time of Monks and Knights CH 8
chivalry = Code of conduct for medieval knights, rules on how to behave.
Feudalism = system in which powerful lords divided their landholdings amongst lesser lords. These vassals pledged service and loyalty in return
Knight = warrior on horse, part of the elite
Manor = estate of the lord, includes villages and land
Medieval = middle ages, time between 500 and 1500 A.C.
Missionary = someone who tries to spread Christian believe
Serf = peasant bound to the land of the lord. Not a real slave but also not really free
Vassel = lesser lord who gets land in return for pledge of loyalty and service
Late (or High) Middle Ages = Time of cities and states CH 9
Antisemitism = prejudice against Jews
Charter = written document to set out rights and privileges of a town
Council of Clermont = Urban incited bishops and nobles to action. Start of crusades
Crusade = holy war
Guild = association of artisans in medieval town. For each profession a different guild. Dominated town life.
Heresy = religious belief that is contrary to the official teachings of a church
the Inquisition = A Church court set up during the Middle Ages and used secret testimony, torture, and execution to root out heresy.
lay investiture = Creation of bishops by anyone who is not a member of the clergy.
sacrament = sacred ritual of the Roman Catholic Church
Early Modern Times = Time of Explorers and Reformers CH 14-15-16
Conquistadors = Spanish men who went to America after the discovery of Columbus, they deveated American people like Inca’s and Aztecs.
Dutch Revolt = revolt against Filips II, the Dutch fighting for freedom of religion and against centralisation. The Republic is formed.
Johann Gutenberg of Mainz = German who printed the first complete edition of the Bible using the first printing press and printing inks
heliocentric = based on the belief that the sun is the center of the universe
humanism = intellectual movement based on study of classical culture. Focused on worldly subjects instead of religious issues.
Michelangelo = Artist in Renaissance who did the painting of a huge mural to decorate the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome.
Protestant Reformation = reform movement that would shatter Christian unity, started by Luther. Other reformer: Calvin
Vasco da Gama = In 1497, he led four ships around the Cape of Good Hope
Early Modern Times = Time of Rulers and Monarchs CH 17
Abdicate = give up a high office
Absolutism = King with absolute power. No constitution or parliament.
Armada = fleet of Filips II to attack England. Sunk before it reaches England
capitalism = investment of money to make profit
divine right = belief that a ruler's authority comes directly from God
entrepreneurs = enterprising merchants, organized and managed the risk of business
Immunity = natural protection
Intendants = royal officials under Louis XIV who collected taxes and carried out his policies
monopolies = exclusive control of business or industry
mercantilism = rulers adopt policies to increase national wealth and to protect their economy by tariffs
Levée = ritual at Versailles where nobles attended the rising of the King in the morning
Early Modern Times = Time of Whigs and Revolution CH 19
abolitionism = movement that fights to get slavery outlawed. They believe everybody is equal and that god doesn’t want slavery.
Baroque = style of art. Grand and complex, colourful and huge, full of excitement.
bourgeoisie = the middle class
Enlightenment = change in ideas. Enlightened thinkers believe knowledge is the most important. If people use their brains, the world will improve.
Enlightened despots = kings who still rule alone but use their power to bring about political and social changes.
Great Fear = In desperate times during the French revolution where rumors ran wild and tales of attacks on villages and towns spread panic. Other rumors asserted that government troops were seizing peasant crops.
National Assembly = Delegates of the Third Estate claiming to represent the people of France.
Nationalism = a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country
Napoleonic Code = a new law code after the French Revolution which embodied Enlightenment principles such as the equality of all citizens before the law, religious toleration, and advancement based on merit.
Natural right = according to Locke all people have rights thay belong to them from birth. Rights like freedom and property Social contract = according to Hobbes, people entered into an agreement to organise society. He thought absolute monarchy was the best choice
Plantations = large estates, where products for export are produced/ grown. Work is done by slaves.
Physiocrats = enlightened thinkers who focused on economic reforms
Rococo = style of art, personal elegant and stylish.
Rousseau In 1762 = he set forth his ideas about government and society in The Social Contract. Rousseau felt that society placed too many limitations on people's behavior. He believed that some controls were necessary, but that they should be minimal.
Salons = informal social gatherings of enlightened people to exchange ideas and believes.
triangular trade = colonial trade route among Europe and its colonies, the West Indies, and Africa in which goods were exchanged for slaves

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Diversen geschiedenis

0 End of the year test