porphyrin = negatively charged cofactor to obtain heme
corrin (coenzyme b12) = methyl transfer and isomerization reactions
chlorophyll (chlorin) = light-absorbing molecule from the chloroplast (photosynthesis)
Cofactor F430 = catalyze the last step in the formation of methane
blue copper (plastocyanin) = electron transfer between PSII and PSI in photosynthesis
nitrogenase = catalyze the reduction of nitrogen to ammonia (nitrogen fixation)
hydrogenase = build up a proton gradient for ATP formation
cytochromes = electron transfer protein
myoglobin = oxygen storage in muscles
hemoglobin = oxygen and CO2 transport
carbonic anhydrase = CO2 transport (CO2 + H2O --› HCO3- + H+)
hemocyanin = oxygen transport molecule in molluscs and arthropods
hemerthyrin = oxygen transport molecule in worms
cytochrome c = complex IV, pumps protons to the inner mitochondrial membrane
SOD = converts ROS 2O2- + 2H+ --› O2 + H2O2
catalase = converts ROS 2H2O2 --› 2H2O + O2
peroxidase = use H2O2 for oxidation reactions
oxidase = promotes the transfer of hydrogen from substrate to an oxygen molecule forming H2O or H2O2
laccase = first enzyme recognized as terminal oxidase in plants
cytochrome p450 = mono-oxygenase, converts hydrophobic substrates into more polar compounds
tyrosinase = oxidase that catalyze the production of melanin and other pigments from tyrosine by oxidation
lipoxygenase = dioxygenase, both O2 atoms are incorporated into another substrate
SAM = methyl donor, important for RNR III to form the radical
iron regulatory protein = sensitive to Fe and S concentrations
fumarate nitrate regulator = switches between aerobic and anaerobic respiration with fumarate or nitrate as oxidant
cu-regulator protein = e.coli, lowers the cu concentration by the conversion of cu+ to cu2+
CLC-channel = chloride channel