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international marketing

1 begrippen die ik nog niet weet

Build to order = When a product is scheduled and built in response to a specification and confirmed order received from a final customer.
Comparative advantage = Advantage a nation has in comparison to another nation.
Contract manufacture = Arrangement in which a subcontractor undertakes manufacturing (or service provision) under license.
Countertrade = exchanging goods or services which are paid for, in whole or part, with other goods or services, rather than with money. 
Country or origin effect = the perceptions and attitudes towards product or brands on the basis of their country of origin, design or manufacture.
Cultural paradoxes = a term to describe the cultural sensitivities in a market where there evidence both of the westernization of tastes and the assertion of ethnic, religious and cultural differences.
Customer-led = Adopting marketing approaches that primarily focus on the needs and expectations of customers. 
Differentiated marketing = Strategy whereby a company attempts to appeal to two or more clearly defined market segments with a specific product and unique marketing strategy tailored to each separate segment.
Direct channels = distribution channel in which a producer supplies or service directly an ultimate user.
Doha Round = name given to the current negotiations being undertake by members of the WTO are attempting to liberalize trading rules and get rid of trading barriers
Domestic purchasing = International trade in whixh a foreign firm approaches a non-exporter, buys the product and takes all aspects of exporting. 
Effective consumer response = supply chain partnerships wich work together towards making the retail sector more responsive to consumer demand and promote the removal of unnecessary costs from the supply chain.
Emerging economies = emerging markets are nations with social or business activity in the process of rapid growth and industrialization
Enculturation = process by which a person learns the requirements of the culture by which she is surrounded.
Ethical challenges = challenge of setting the ehtical values in international marketing strategies and then driving those through long distribution channels across geographical markets with different ethical values. 
ethnocentric = centered on a specific ethnic group, usually one's own. 
Exchange Rate Mechanism = the ERm was a system introduced by the EU community as a part of the EMS to reduce exchange rate variability and achieve monetary stability in Europe in preparation for economic and monetary union. 
Existing markets = product/service markets where customers demands are served from a number of suppliers and the infrastructure to support the market is established. 
Export administration = management of the processes that allow an export transaction to take place. 
Export houses = Specialist firms that act as the export department for a range of companies and take in the role and responsibilities that would normally be done by those companies. 
Export processing zone = area or region where firms can import duty free as long as the imports are used as inputs into the production of exports. 
Exporting = selling abroad product produced in the home country without significant adaption to foreign market needs. 
Foreign market channels = channels of distribution within countries outside a firms domestic operations. 
Function specific hubs = electronic market places where buyers and sellers meet using internet to trade in business services as HR or business process management. 
Generic marketing strategies = marketing strategies that can be applied to all market context, based on segmentation targeting and positioning and underpinned by porters generic growth strategies (cost leadership, focus and differentiation)
Geocentric = having the earth as the centre
Global appeal = attraction of certain products and services to a global consumer segment. 
Global brand = brand that is the same positioning and image across the world. 
Global reach = ability to connect with customers around the world, where appropriate using third parties. 
Global sourcing = process of arranging goods and services to be supplied irrespective of geographic location
Globalization = process of progressing towards trading in all major regions and most country markets. 
Grey marketing = trade of a commmodity through distribution channels which, while legal, are unofficial, unauthorized or unintended by the original manufacturer. 
Gross national income = national income plus capital consumption allowance. 
High context culture = culture in which the context is at least as important as what is actually said. 
Incipient markets = markets where economic conditions suggst a market may develop but the market as yet does not exist. 
Indirect exporting = market entry methods in which firms commit few resources to international marketing and largely rely on third parties to build their international business. 
Inseparability = the marketing of services, the service is created but it can not be divided into pieces. 
Integrated supply chain = optimization and control of the supply chain network of suppliers, factories, warehouses, distribution centres and retailers through which materials are acquired, trasformed and deliverd to the customer.
Interactive customer marketing = ability to adress an individual and the ability to gather and remember the response of that individual leading to the ability to adress the individual once more in a way that takes into account this unique response. 
Interactive shopping = allow the consumer to play an active role in the selection and customization of her order. 
Internal cost structures = cost elements that correspond to a specific internal operations of a company. 
International Development Association = An agency of the UN affiliated with the World Bank 
International manager = staff member with responsibility to manage across borders. 
International marketing = Process of planning and conducting transactions across national borders to create exchanges that satisfy objectives of individuals and organizations. 
IMF = UN agency to promote trade by increasing the exchange stability of the major currencies. 
International product lifecycle = concept that enables the firm to describe the stages (introduction, growth, maturity, decline) in all the different country markets. 
International product offer = bundle of benefits for international customers that are presented in the total product package. 
International product portfolio = firms chosen range of products and services that provide a complete and satisfactory offer to customers. 
International trade = exchange of capital goods services across international broders. 
Internationalization = pursuit of market opportunities outside the home country. 
Joint ventures = market entry approach whereby two or more companies share ownership of a newly created firm. 
Knowledge management = Strategies used by organizations to identify share etc. of insights and experiences. 
Latent markets = a group of people who have been identified as potential customers of a product that does not yet exist. 
Learning curve = line graph displaying opportunities acros the X as and a measure of performance along the y as
Less developed economies = a country which, according to UN, exhibits the lowest indicators of socioeconomic development, with the lowest human development index ratings of all countries in the world
Licensing = when a firm makes assets, such as knowhow, available to another firm in exchange for royalties. 
logistics = management of the flow of goods, info etc. 
Low-context cultures = those where people are more psychologically distant so that information needs to be explicits if members are to understand it. 
Management contracts = Service projects undertaken by partner firms in conjunction with a supplier typically of major infrastructure installations. 
Marginal cost pricing = outcome of perfectly competitive markets in which the price of each good is equal to its marginal cost.

Ingezonden op 10-06-2014 - 1096x bekeken.
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international marketing

1 begrippen die ik nog niet weet