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BRICKS Biology, deel 2b

4 4.1 Glossary What do you eat? + Vitamins and minerals.

Jaar 2 (havo/vwo)

Nutrients = Substances in food that provide your body with energy and other materials. All nutrients are building blocks.
Joule = (scientific) Unit of energy in food.
Carbohydrates = The main source of energy for your body. There are 3 types: sugar, starch and fibre
Proteins = Nutrient needed for growth and replacing and repairing body cells.
Fibre = Complex carbohydrate. E.g. cellulose. Is found in cell walls of plant cells. Fibre is not digested, so it doesn’t break down in your body, but it is very important for a good working digestive system.
Sugar = Simple carbohydrate. There is table sugar and honey and fruit also contain forms of sugar.
Simple carbohydrate = Sugars like glucose.
Complex carbohydrate = Is made up of long chains of many simple carbohydrates.
Starch = A complex carbohydrate. Is found in potatoes, pasta and other foods made of grain, such as bread. Needs to be digested. 
Unsaturated fats = Fats that are liquid at room temperature and remain that way. These are the healthy fat type.
Saturated fats = Fat that is solid at room temperature, found in meat and dairy products. Too much saturated fat is bad for your health.
Trans fats = A kind of unsaturated fat, chemically altered to stay solid at room temperature. When eaten too often, it can cause health problems. (Heart and some types of cancer)
Where do you find Vitamin A? = In lever, egg yolk (eigeel), dairy products, margarine, carrots.
What does Vitamin A? = Keeps eyes healthy, develops bones, protects linings of respiratory, digestive and urinary tracts, maintains healthy skin and hair.
Where do you find Vitamin C? = Almost exclusively in fruit and vegetables (especially in citrus fruits, tomatoes, peppers, strawberries and melons).
What does Vitamin C? = Fights and resists infection, heals wounds, promotes growth and maintenance of bones, teeth, gums, ligaments and blood vessels.
Where do you find Vitamin D? = The primary source is sun exposure on your skin. Also in eggs, fish-liver oils and fatty fish such as herring, mackerel and salmon.
What does Vitamin D ? = Builds strong bones and teeth and maintains the nervous system.
Where do you find mineral Calcium? = Primarily in milk, dairy products and meat.
What does mineral Calcium? = Builds bones and teeth
Where do you find mineral Fluoride? = Seafood, tea, coffee and soya beans.
What does mineral Fluoride? = Promotes bone and tooth formation, Prevents tooth decay.
Where do you find mineral Iron? = Iron is poorly absorbed from food. Richest sources are red meat and organ meats (liver), other sources include wholemeal products, shellfish, nuts and dried fruit. Vitamin C helps absorption of iron and is often added to iron supplements.
What does mineral Iron? = Helps produce haemoglobin and red blood cells, delivers oxygen to muscles and other body tissues, protects against effects of stress.
What are A, C and D? = Vitamins
What are Calcium, Fluoride and Iron? = Minerals

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BRICKS Biology, deel 2b

4 4.1 Glossary What do you eat? + Vitamins and minerals.