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Psychology
› 1 Introducing Psychology
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Psychology
, deel 1
1 Introducing Psychology
Jaar 1 (universiteit)
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Psychology=The science of behavior and mental processes Positive psychology=A field of research that focuses on people’s positive experiences and characteristics, such as happiness, optimism, and resilience Biological psychologists=Psychologists who analyse the biological factors influencing behaviour and mental processes. Also called physiological psychologists. Cognitive psychologists=Psychologists who study the mental processes underlying judgment, decision making, problem solving, imagining, and other aspects of human though or cognition. Also called experimental psychologists. Educational psychologists=Psychologists who study methods by which instructors teach and students learn and who apply their results to improving those methods. School psychologists=Psychologists who test IQ’s, diagnose students’ academic problems, and set up a program to improve students’ achievement. Social psychologists=Psychologists who study how people influence one another’s behaviour and mental processes, individually and in groups. Industrial and organizational psychologists=Psychologists who study ways to improve efficiency, productivity, and satisfaction among workers and the organizations that employ them. Quantitative psychologists=Psychologists who develop and use statistical tools to analyse research data. Sport psychologists=Psychologists who explore the relationships between athletic performance and such psychological variables as motivation and emotion. Forensic psychologists=Psychologists who assist in jury selection, evaluate defendants’ mental competence to stand trial, and deal with other issues involving psychology and the law. Environmental psychologists=Psychologists who study the effects of the physical environment on behaviour and mental processes. Neuroscience=The scientific study of all levels of the nervous system, including neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, neurology, neuropsysiology, and neiropharmacology. Consciousness=The awareness of external stimuli and our own mental activity. Biological Approach=An approach to psychology in which behavior and behavior disorders are seen as the result of physical processes, especially those relating to the brain and to hormones and other chemicals. Natural selection=The evolutionary mechanism through which Darwin said the fittest individuals survive to reproduce. Evolutionary approach=An approach to psychology that emphasizes the inherited, adaptive aspects of behavior and mental processes. Psychodynamic approach=A view developed by Freud that emphasizes the interplay of unconscious mental processes in determining human thought, feelings, and behavior. Behavioral approach=An approach to psychology emphasizing that human behaviour is determined mainly by what a person has learned, especially from rewards and punishments. Cognitive approach=A way of looking at human behaviour that emphasizes research on how the brain takes in information, creates perceptions, forms and retrieves memories, processes information, and generates integrated patterns of action. Humanistic approach=A perspective to psychology that focuses on how each person has a unique capacity to choose how tot hink and act.
Ingezonden op 03-10-2017 - 422x bekeken.
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