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› 1 The Living Cell
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CambridgePartIACells
1 The Living Cell
Jaar 1 (universiteit)
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Peptidoglycan=Main component of bacterial cell wall Lipopolysaccharide=Outer layer of gram-negative bacterial cell wall Gram-positive=Single membrane bacteria Gram-negative=Double membrane bacteria Pectin=Main component of plant cell wall matrix Cellulose=Structural component of plant cell wall Chitin=Outer layer of fungal cell wall Beta-1,3-glucan=Middle layer of fungal cell wall Mannoprotein=Innter layer of fungal cell wall Transcription=Conversion of DNA to mRNA Translation=Conversion of mRNA to protein Ribozyme=Enzyme containing rRNA Polysome=Polymer of ribosomes associated with a single mRNA Rough endoplasmatic reticulum=Organelle on which most protein synthesis takes place Cisternum=Lumen contained by the endoplasmic reticulum Catabolism=Metabolism leading to less complex molecules (releasing energy) Anabolism=Metabolism leading to more complex molecules (consuming energy) Metabolomics=Study of the cullular metabolites (often using mass spectroscopy) Smooth endoplasmatic reticulum=Organelle for lipid synthesis Peroxisome=Organelle for oxidative reactions Cytosol=Cellular fluid Lysosome=Organelle for degradation of biological material (mostly proteins) Mitochondrion=Powerhouse of the cell Golgi apparatus=Organelle for sorting of synthesized proteins Vacuoles=Organelle in plant cells for storage ATP synthase=Enzyme which synthesizes ATP Chemiosmosis=Theory of ATP synthesis by the buildup of a proton gradient Thylakoid=Suborganelles of chloroplasts in which photosynthesis takes place Stroma=MainFluid of the chloroplast cis Golgi network=Side for intake of proteins from endoplasmatic reticulum trans Golgi network=Side for secretion of proteins Microtubule=Polymer of alpha and beta-tubulin Centrosome=Organelle from which microtubules grow Centriole=Two make up the centrosome Kinesin=Motor directed to plus end of microtubule (outside of cell) Dynein=Motor directed to minus end of microtubule (inside of cell) Actin=Main component of microfilaments Myosin=Motor on the actin microfilaments Intermediate filaments=Filaments which don't interact with motor proteins but provide mechanical stability Cilium=Motor protein on cell wall which propels using metachronal waves Flagellum=Motor protein on cell wall which propels using undulating waves Basal bodies=Stabilizing organelles for cilia and flagella Plasmadesmata=Pores between neighbouring cells for cell signalling Desmotubule=Stabilizer for plasmadesmata
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